![]() ![]() ![]() First, they protect most vaccinated individuals directly against disease by inducing immunity. Vaccine development has accelerated substantially in more recent years, offering protection against many infectious diseases. It would be more than 100 years before a second vaccine, against diphtheria, came into widespread use and 150 years before the polio vaccine was introduced. Vaccination against smallpox was rapidly adopted in Europe and was first performed in the United States in 1800. Edward Jenner developed the first widely used vaccine against smallpox in 1796 after noting that milkmaids who had been infected with cowpox rarely became infected with smallpox during smallpox epidemics. Vaccines have been an important tool in the control and prevention of infectious diseases for over 200 years. This article reviews the history of school vaccination requirements and exemptions, the legal status of state vaccination laws and exemptions, the impact of school vaccination requirements and personal belief exemptions on vaccination rates and disease incidence, and strategies for maintaining adequate vaccination rates in states that allow personal belief exemptions. All but two states allow some kind of personal belief exemption from school vaccination requirements. Which vaccines are required how many doses are required whether entry requirements apply to child care, kindergarten, or middle school and whether exemptions from vaccine requirements will be allowed all differ by state. Although there is no federal law requiring vaccination of children in the United States, all states require evidence of vaccination against at least some diseases as a condition of school entry. Despite the impact vaccination has had on the control and prevention of many infectious diseases, some parents choose not to vaccinate their children. ![]()
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